Skip to Main Content

*The Research Process: A Guide for GWC Students

Use library resources to locate and evaluate information for your class assignments.

Tip!

Tip!It can be difficult to distinguish between the various types of periodicals when they are in electronic format. Luckily, many databases allow researchers to search or sort results by publication type.

When you search a library database, look for options to limit your results by scholarly, peer-reviewed or academic.

Video: Scholarly and Popular Sources

Academic Journals (Scholarly!)

Also known as scholarly, refereed, or peer-reviewed journals.

Appearance: Generally have a sober, serious look. May contain graphs and charts, but few glossy pages or photographs. Use scholarly language with vocabulary specific to their profession or field.

Audience: Written for academics and professionals.

Author/Authority: Articles written by researchers or scholars in the field who report the results of original research.

Citations: Articles include footnotes and a list of citations at the end of the article.

Content: Includes scholarly research for a particular profession or industry. Articles usually contain an abstract, methodology, discussion, charts or tables, results, conclusions, and references.

Frequency: Usually published bimonthly or quarterly.

Examples:

Journal of Convention & Event Tourism cover     JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association cover     The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology cover

Magazines (Not Scholarly)

Appearance: Generally attractive and illustrated with color photographs.

Audience: Written for the general public.

Author/Authority: Articles written by staff or freelance writers.

Content: Includes current events and special features.

Frequency: Usually published weekly or monthly.

Examples:

UTNE Reader cover     bookmarks magazine cover    Time magazine cover

Trade Magazines (Not Scholarly)

Also known as industry magazines.

Appearance: Generally attractive and are often illustrated with color photographs.

Audience: Written for industry professionals.

Author/Authority: Articles written by staff writers, though the magazine may sometimes accept articles from industry professionals.

Citations: Occasionally list references at the end of the article or provide footnotes within the text.

Content: Includes current events and special features within a particular profession or industry.

Frequency: Usually published biweekly or monthly.

Examples:

venues today cover     Advertising Age cover     Art Culinaire cover

Newspapers (Not Scholarly)

Appearance: Generally printed on newsprint in black ink.

Audience: Written for the general public.

Author/Authority: Articles written by staff writers and freelance journalists.

Citations: Will sometimes cite sources, a scholar, or a freelance writer.

Content: Includes current events and special features.

Frequency: Usually published daily or weekly.

Examples:

The New York Times print cover     The Wall Street Journal cover

Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License unless noted otherwise.