To quote, follow the steps below:
EXAMPLE
According to Lennie, "[...] I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you, and that's why" (Steinbeck 14).
To paraphrase, follow these steps:
EXAMPLE
Original Text
If the existence of a signing ape was unsettling for linguists, it was also startling news for animal behaviorists (Davis 26).
Unacceptable Borrowing of Phrases
Davis observed that the existence of a signing ape unsettled linguists and startled animal behaviorists (26).
Unacceptable Borrowing of Structure
Davis observed that if the presence of a sign-language-using chimp was disturbing for scientists studying language, it was also surprising to scientists studying animal behavior (26).
Acceptable Paraphrase
Davis observed both linguists and animal behaviorists were taken by surprise upon learning of an ape’s ability to use sign language (26).
To summarize, follow the steps below:
Topics covered: Quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing and generalizing.